1.?Introduction . 1.1.?Oceanography: observations, theory, and numerical simulation . The physics of the oceans have been of crucial importance, curiosity and interest since prehistoric times, and today remain an essential element in our understanding of weather and climate, and a key driver of biogeochemistry and overall marine resources. The eras of progress within oceanography have gone hand in hand with the tools available for its study. Here, the current progress and potential future ...